The office of County
Engineer evolved from the important role played by the
County Surveyor in the first decades of Ohio's
statehood.
As early as 1785, Ohio
served as a "laboratory" for the development of the
Public Lands rectangular survey system. Well into the
1800's, the County Surveyor was charged with the
tremendous task of clarifying land titles and
boundaries. After 1820, a movement for "internal
improvements" swept through the state, and County
Surveyors become increasingly involved in
transportation-related projects: specifically, in the
development of canals and roads. By the late 19th
century, the major duty of the County Surveyor was the
building and maintenance of roads, bridges, and drainage
ditches.
The office of County
Surveyor was established by the first General Assembly
following the admission of Ohio to the Union in 1803.
Whenever a new county was created, the County Surveyor,
Recorder, Prosecuting Attorney, and Clerk were appointed
by a common court of appeals, which itself was appointed
by the legislature. County Surveyors were paid only a
per diem wage ($5.00 in the late 1800's) for those
days when they were actually employed.
In 1831, the
legislature voted to make the office elective because of
the increased responsibilities it entailed. The law
stated that a County Surveyor would serve a term of
three years "if he so long behaved well and until his
successor be elected and qualified." Legislation passed
in 1915 established a salary and conferred on the County
Surveyor the title "Resident Engineer for the State
Highway Department." In 1928, the term of office was
lengthened from three years to four. Then on August 30,
1935, the title was changed to "County Engineer."
Today, only persons
who hold registration certificates from the State of
Ohio as both "Registered Professional Engineer" and
"Registered Surveyor" may qualify for the office of
County Engineer. Both accreditations require a minimum
of a college degree in engineering and surveying, four
years of experience in engineering and surveying, and 16
hours of testing. Ohio has the most rigorous standards
in the United States for qualifying its County
Engineers.
The elected county
Engineer is sworn to "perform for the county all duties
authorized or declared by law to be done by a Civil
Engineer or Surveyor." Although specifically exempt from
engineering duties affecting public buildings, he is the
engineer for all public improvements under the authority
of the board of commissioners within and for the county.